Vitamin D and cognitive function: A Mendelian randomisation study
Identifieur interne : 000057 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000056; suivant : 000058Vitamin D and cognitive function: A Mendelian randomisation study
Auteurs : Jane Maddock [Royaume-Uni] ; Ang Zhou [Australie] ; Alana Cavadino [Royaume-Uni] ; El Bieta Ku Ma [Royaume-Uni] ; Yanchun Bao [Royaume-Uni] ; Melissa C. Smart [Royaume-Uni] ; Kai-Uwe Saum [Allemagne] ; Ben Schöttker [Allemagne] ; Jorgen Engmann [Royaume-Uni] ; Marie Kj Rgaard [Norvège] ; Ville Karhunen [Finlande] ; Yiqiang Zhan [Suède] ; Terho Lehtim Ki [Finlande] ; Suvi P. Rovio [Finlande] ; Liisa Byberg [Suède] ; Jari Lahti [Finlande] ; Pedro Marques-Vidal [Suisse] ; Abhijit Sen [Norvège] ; Laura Perna [Allemagne] ; Henrik Schirmer [Norvège] ; Archana Singh-Manoux [Royaume-Uni, France] ; Juha Auvinen [Finlande] ; Nina Hutri-K Hönen [Finlande] ; Mika K Hönen [Finlande] ; Lena Kilander [Suède] ; Katri R Ikkönen [Finlande] ; H Kan Melhus [Suède] ; Erik Ingelsson [Suède, États-Unis] ; Idris Guessous [Suisse, États-Unis] ; Katja E. Petrovic [Autriche] ; Helena Schmidt [Autriche] ; Reinhold Schmidt [Autriche] ; Peter Vollenweider [Suisse] ; Lars Lind [Suède] ; Johan G. Eriksson [Finlande] ; Karl Michaëlsson [Suède] ; Olli T. Raitakari [Finlande] ; Sara H Gg [Suède] ; Nancy L. Pedersen [Suède] ; Karl-Heinz Herzig [Finlande, Pologne] ; Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin [Finlande, Royaume-Uni] ; Juha Veijola [Finlande] ; Mika Kivimaki [Royaume-Uni, Finlande] ; Rolf Jorde [Norvège] ; Hermann Brenner [Allemagne] ; Meena Kumari [Royaume-Uni] ; Chris Power [Royaume-Uni] ; David J. Llewellyn [Royaume-Uni] ; Elina Hyppönen [Australie, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The causal nature of the association between hypovitaminosis D and poor cognitive function in mid- to later-life is uncertain. Using a Mendelian randomisation(MR) approach, we examined the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Data came from 172,349 participants from 17 cohorts.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13189-3
PubMed: 29038561
PubMed Central: 5643555
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Finlande, France, Norvège, Pologne, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, Suède, États-Unis
- Californie, Géorgie (États-Unis)
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type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29038561</idno><idno type="pmc">5643555</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643555</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5643555</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/s41598-017-13189-3</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E42</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E42</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D03</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D03</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000008</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000008</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000373</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000373</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000371</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" 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institution-id-type="GRID">grid.14105.31</institution-id><institution>MRC Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ang" sort="Zhou, Ang" uniqKey="Zhou A" first="Ang" last="Zhou">Ang Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8994 5086</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1026.5</institution-id><institution>Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia,</institution></institution-wrap>Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Adelaide</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavadino, Alana" sort="Cavadino, Alana" uniqKey="Cavadino A" first="Alana" last="Cavadino">Alana Cavadino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation 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xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Exeter</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bao, Yanchun" sort="Bao, Yanchun" uniqKey="Bao Y" first="Yanchun" last="Bao">Yanchun Bao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0942 6946</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8356.8</institution-id><institution>Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex,</institution></institution-wrap>Colchester, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Colchester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smart, Melissa C" sort="Smart, Melissa C" uniqKey="Smart M" first="Melissa C." last="Smart">Melissa C. Smart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0942 6946</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8356.8</institution-id><institution>Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex,</institution></institution-wrap>Colchester, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Colchester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saum, Kai Uwe" sort="Saum, Kai Uwe" uniqKey="Saum K" first="Kai-Uwe" last="Saum">Kai-Uwe Saum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0492 0584</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7497.d</institution-id><institution>Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),</institution></institution-wrap>Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schottker, Ben" sort="Schottker, Ben" uniqKey="Schottker B" first="Ben" last="Schöttker">Ben Schöttker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0492 0584</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7497.d</institution-id><institution>Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),</institution></institution-wrap>Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2190 4373</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7700.0</institution-id><institution>Network Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg,</institution></institution-wrap>Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engmann, Jorgen" sort="Engmann, Jorgen" uniqKey="Engmann J" first="Jorgen" last="Engmann">Jorgen Engmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kj Rgaard, Marie" sort="Kj Rgaard, Marie" uniqKey="Kj Rgaard M" first="Marie" last="Kj Rgaard">Marie Kj Rgaard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4689 5540</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412244.5</institution-id><institution>Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway,</institution></institution-wrap>Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Tromsø</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122595234</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10919.30</institution-id><institution>Endocrinology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway,</institution></institution-wrap>Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Tromsø</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karhunen, Ville" sort="Karhunen, Ville" uniqKey="Karhunen V" first="Ville" last="Karhunen">Ville Karhunen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 4873</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10858.34</institution-id><institution>Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4685 4917</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412326.0</institution-id><institution>Oulu University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhan, Yiqiang" sort="Zhan, Yiqiang" uniqKey="Zhan Y" first="Yiqiang" last="Zhan">Yiqiang Zhan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2314 6254</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5509.9</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere,</institution></institution-wrap>Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Tampere</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rovio, Suvi P" sort="Rovio, Suvi P" uniqKey="Rovio S" first="Suvi P." last="Rovio">Suvi P. Rovio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2097 1371</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1374.1</institution-id><institution>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku,</institution></institution-wrap>Turku, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byberg, Liisa" sort="Byberg, Liisa" uniqKey="Byberg L" first="Liisa" last="Byberg">Liisa Byberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9457</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8993.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University,</institution></institution-wrap>Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id><institution>Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro" last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro Marques-Vidal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0423 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8515.9</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Lausanne</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sen, Abhijit" sort="Sen, Abhijit" uniqKey="Sen A" first="Abhijit" last="Sen">Abhijit Sen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff22"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1516 2393</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5947.f</institution-id><institution>Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),</institution></institution-wrap>Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Trondheim</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perna, Laura" sort="Perna, Laura" uniqKey="Perna L" first="Laura" last="Perna">Laura Perna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0492 0584</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7497.d</institution-id><institution>Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),</institution></institution-wrap>Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schirmer, Henrik" sort="Schirmer, Henrik" uniqKey="Schirmer H" first="Henrik" last="Schirmer">Henrik Schirmer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff23"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122595234</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10919.30</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway,</institution></institution-wrap>Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Tromsø</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff24"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9637 455X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411279.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Lørenskog, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Lørenskog</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh Manoux, Archana" sort="Singh Manoux, Archana" uniqKey="Singh Manoux A" first="Archana" last="Singh-Manoux">Archana Singh-Manoux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0206 8146</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413133.7</institution-id><institution>INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse,</institution></institution-wrap>Villejuif, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Villejuif</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auvinen, Juha" sort="Auvinen, Juha" uniqKey="Auvinen J" first="Juha" last="Auvinen">Juha Auvinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 4873</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10858.34</institution-id><institution>Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4685 4917</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412326.0</institution-id><institution>Oulu University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutri K Honen, Nina" sort="Hutri K Honen, Nina" uniqKey="Hutri K Honen N" first="Nina" last="Hutri-K Hönen">Nina Hutri-K Hönen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff26"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2314 6254</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5509.9</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere,</institution></institution-wrap>Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Tampere</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff27"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2314 6254</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5509.9</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere,</institution></institution-wrap>Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Tampere</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilander, Lena" sort="Kilander, Lena" uniqKey="Kilander L" first="Lena" last="Kilander">Lena Kilander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff28"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9457</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8993.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University,</institution></institution-wrap>Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="R Ikkonen, Katri" sort="R Ikkonen, Katri" uniqKey="R Ikkonen K" first="Katri" last="R Ikkönen">Katri R Ikkönen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melhus, H Kan" sort="Melhus, H Kan" uniqKey="Melhus H" first="H Kan" last="Melhus">H Kan Melhus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9457</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8993.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University,</institution></institution-wrap>Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9457</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8993.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University,</institution></institution-wrap>Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff30"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419368956</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.168010.e</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Stanford, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guessous, Idris" sort="Guessous, Idris" uniqKey="Guessous I" first="Idris" last="Guessous">Idris Guessous</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff31"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0721 9812</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.150338.c</institution-id><institution>Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals,</institution></institution-wrap>Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff32"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 6502</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.189967.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University,</institution></institution-wrap>Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 4204</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9851.5</institution-id><institution>Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne,</institution></institution-wrap>Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Lausanne</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrovic, Katja E" sort="Petrovic, Katja E" uniqKey="Petrovic K" first="Katja E" last="Petrovic">Katja E. Petrovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff34"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11598.34</institution-id><institution>Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University of Graz,</institution></institution-wrap>Graz, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Graz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Helena" sort="Schmidt, Helena" uniqKey="Schmidt H" first="Helena" last="Schmidt">Helena Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11598.34</institution-id><institution>Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz,</institution></institution-wrap>Graz, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Graz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff36"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11598.34</institution-id><institution>Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz,</institution></institution-wrap>Graz, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Graz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0423 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8515.9</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Lausanne</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9457</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8993.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University,</institution></institution-wrap>Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff37"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id><institution>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff38"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0409 6302</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.428673.c</institution-id><institution>Folkhälsan Research Center,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michaelsson, Karl" sort="Michaelsson, Karl" uniqKey="Michaelsson K" first="Karl" last="Michaëlsson">Karl Michaëlsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9457</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8993.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University,</institution></institution-wrap>Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2097 1371</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1374.1</institution-id><institution>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku,</institution></institution-wrap>Turku, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff39"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0628 215X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410552.7</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Turku, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="H Gg, Sara" sort="H Gg, Sara" uniqKey="H Gg S" first="Sara" last="H Gg">Sara H Gg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herzig, Karl Heinz" sort="Herzig, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Herzig K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Herzig">Karl-Heinz Herzig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff40"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 4873</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10858.34</institution-id><institution>Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff41"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 4873</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10858.34</institution-id><institution>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff42"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4685 4917</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412326.0</institution-id><institution>Medical Research Center (MRC) and Oulu University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff43"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2205 0971</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.22254.33</institution-id><institution>Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Poznan, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Poznan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 4873</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10858.34</institution-id><institution>Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff44"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff42"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4685 4917</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412326.0</institution-id><institution>Medical Research Center (MRC) and Oulu University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff45"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 4873</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10858.34</institution-id><institution>Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff46"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4685 4917</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412326.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu,</institution></institution-wrap>Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff47"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id><institution>Clinicum, University of Helsinki,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jorde, Rolf" sort="Jorde, Rolf" uniqKey="Jorde R" first="Rolf" last="Jorde">Rolf Jorde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 4689 5540</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412244.5</institution-id><institution>Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway,</institution></institution-wrap>Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Tromsø</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122595234</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10919.30</institution-id><institution>Endocrinology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway,</institution></institution-wrap>Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Tromsø</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brenner, Hermann" sort="Brenner, Hermann" uniqKey="Brenner H" first="Hermann" last="Brenner">Hermann Brenner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0492 0584</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7497.d</institution-id><institution>Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),</institution></institution-wrap>Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2190 4373</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7700.0</institution-id><institution>Network Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg,</institution></institution-wrap>Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0942 6946</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8356.8</institution-id><institution>Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex,</institution></institution-wrap>Colchester, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Colchester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llewellyn, David J" sort="Llewellyn, David J" uniqKey="Llewellyn D" first="David J." last="Llewellyn">David J. Llewellyn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8024</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8391.3</institution-id><institution>University of Exeter Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Exeter, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Exeter</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hyppönen">Elina Hyppönen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8994 5086</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1026.5</institution-id><institution>Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia,</institution></institution-wrap>Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Adelaide</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121901201</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.83440.3b</institution-id><institution>Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,</institution></institution-wrap>London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff48"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.430453.5</institution-id><institution>South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute,</institution></institution-wrap>Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Adelaide</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">The causal nature of the association between hypovitaminosis D and poor cognitive function in mid- to later-life is uncertain. Using a Mendelian randomisation(MR) approach, we examined the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Data came from 172,349 participants from 17 cohorts. <italic>DHCR7</italic>(rs12785878), <italic>CYP2R1</italic> rs12794714) and their combined <italic>synthesis score</italic> were chosen to proxy 25(OH)D. Cognitive tests were standardised into global and memory scores. Analyses were stratified by 25(OH)D tertiles, sex and age. Random effects meta-analyses assessed associations between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Associations of serum 25(OH)D with global and memory-related cognitive function were non-linear (lower cognitive scores for both low and high 25(OH)D, <italic>p</italic><sub>curvature</sub> ≤ 0.006), with much of the curvature attributed to a single study. <italic>DHCR7</italic>, <italic>CYP2R1</italic>, and the <italic>synthesis score</italic> were associated with small reductions in 25(OH)D per vitamin D-decreasing allele. However, coefficients for associations with global or memory-related cognitive function were non-significant and in opposing directions for <italic>DHCR7</italic> and <italic>CYP2R1</italic>, with no overall association observed for the <italic>synthesis score</italic>. Coefficients for the <italic>synthesis score</italic> and global and memory cognition were similar when stratified by 25(OH)D tertiles, sex and age. We found no evidence for serum 25(OH)D concentration as a causal factor for cognitive performance in mid- to later life.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prince, M" uniqKey="Prince M">M Prince</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Ad" uniqKey="Smith A">AD Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annweiler, C" uniqKey="Annweiler C">C Annweiler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beauchet, O" uniqKey="Beauchet O">O Beauchet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annweiler, C" uniqKey="Annweiler C">C Annweiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balion, C" uniqKey="Balion C">C Balion</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Etgen, T" uniqKey="Etgen T">T Etgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sander, D" uniqKey="Sander D">D Sander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bickel, H" uniqKey="Bickel H">H Bickel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sander, K" uniqKey="Sander K">K Sander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Forstl, H" uniqKey="Forstl H">H Förstl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garcion, E" uniqKey="Garcion E">E Garcion</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wion Barbot, N" uniqKey="Wion Barbot N">N Wion-Barbot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montero Menei, Cn" uniqKey="Montero Menei C">CN Montero-Menei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, F" uniqKey="Berger F">F Berger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wion, D" uniqKey="Wion D">D Wion</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, J" uniqKey="Brown J">J Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bianco, Ji" uniqKey="Bianco J">JI Bianco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Jj" uniqKey="Mcgrath J">JJ McGrath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eyles, Dw" uniqKey="Eyles D">DW Eyles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burne, Th" uniqKey="Burne T">TH Burne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Jj" uniqKey="Mcgrath J">JJ McGrath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eyles, Dw" uniqKey="Eyles D">DW Eyles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackay Sim, A" uniqKey="Mackay Sim A">A Mackay-Sim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kalueff, Av" uniqKey="Kalueff A">AV Kalueff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lou, Y R" uniqKey="Lou Y">Y-R Lou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laaksi, I" uniqKey="Laaksi I">I Laaksi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuohimaa, P" uniqKey="Tuohimaa P">P Tuohimaa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zou, J" uniqKey="Zou J">J Zou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keisala, T" uniqKey="Keisala T">T Keisala</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Schaft, J" uniqKey="Van Der Schaft J">J Van der Schaft</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sommer, I" uniqKey="Sommer I">I Sommer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rossom, Rc" uniqKey="Rossom R">RC Rossom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dean, Aj" uniqKey="Dean A">AJ Dean</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manders, M" uniqKey="Manders M">M Manders</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stein, Ms" uniqKey="Stein M">MS Stein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, Sc" uniqKey="Scherer S">SC Scherer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ladd, Ks" uniqKey="Ladd K">KS Ladd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Lc" uniqKey="Harrison L">LC Harrison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annweiler, C" uniqKey="Annweiler C">C Annweiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lawlor, Da" uniqKey="Lawlor D">DA Lawlor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harbord, Rm" uniqKey="Harbord R">RM Harbord</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sterne, Jac" uniqKey="Sterne J">JAC Sterne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Timpson, N" uniqKey="Timpson N">N Timpson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davey Smith, G" uniqKey="Davey Smith G">G Davey Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mokry, Le" uniqKey="Mokry L">LE Mokry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Tj" uniqKey="Wang T">TJ Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berry, Dj" uniqKey="Berry D">DJ Berry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vimaleswaran, Ks" uniqKey="Vimaleswaran K">KS Vimaleswaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whittaker, Jc" uniqKey="Whittaker J">JC Whittaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Ad" uniqKey="Hingorani A">AD Hingorani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, E" uniqKey="Hypponen E">E Hypponen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annweiler, C" uniqKey="Annweiler C">C Annweiler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beauchet, O" uniqKey="Beauchet O">O Beauchet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Przybelski, R" uniqKey="Przybelski R">R Przybelski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annweiler, C" uniqKey="Annweiler C">C Annweiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berry, D" uniqKey="Berry D">D Berry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, E" uniqKey="Hypponen E">E Hyppönen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holick, Mf" uniqKey="Holick M">MF Holick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maddock, J" uniqKey="Maddock J">J Maddock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geoffroy, M C" uniqKey="Geoffroy M">M-C Geoffroy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Power, C" uniqKey="Power C">C Power</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, E" uniqKey="Hypponen E">E Hyppönen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annweiler, C" uniqKey="Annweiler C">C Annweiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li></region></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Maddock, Jane" sort="Maddock, Jane" uniqKey="Maddock J" first="Jane" last="Maddock">Jane Maddock</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bao, Yanchun" sort="Bao, Yanchun" uniqKey="Bao Y" first="Yanchun" last="Bao">Yanchun Bao</name><name sortKey="Cavadino, Alana" sort="Cavadino, Alana" uniqKey="Cavadino A" first="Alana" last="Cavadino">Alana Cavadino</name><name sortKey="Cavadino, Alana" sort="Cavadino, Alana" uniqKey="Cavadino A" first="Alana" last="Cavadino">Alana Cavadino</name><name sortKey="Engmann, Jorgen" sort="Engmann, Jorgen" uniqKey="Engmann J" first="Jorgen" last="Engmann">Jorgen Engmann</name><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hyppönen">Elina Hyppönen</name><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><name sortKey="Ku Ma, El Bieta" sort="Ku Ma, El Bieta" uniqKey="Ku Ma E" first="El Bieta" last="Ku Ma">El Bieta Ku Ma</name><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><name sortKey="Llewellyn, David J" sort="Llewellyn, David J" uniqKey="Llewellyn D" first="David J." last="Llewellyn">David J. Llewellyn</name><name sortKey="Maddock, Jane" sort="Maddock, Jane" uniqKey="Maddock J" first="Jane" last="Maddock">Jane Maddock</name><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name><name sortKey="Singh Manoux, Archana" sort="Singh Manoux, Archana" uniqKey="Singh Manoux A" first="Archana" last="Singh-Manoux">Archana Singh-Manoux</name><name sortKey="Smart, Melissa C" sort="Smart, Melissa C" uniqKey="Smart M" first="Melissa C." last="Smart">Melissa C. Smart</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhou, Ang" sort="Zhou, Ang" uniqKey="Zhou A" first="Ang" last="Zhou">Ang Zhou</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hyppönen">Elina Hyppönen</name><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hyppönen">Elina Hyppönen</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Saum, Kai Uwe" sort="Saum, Kai Uwe" uniqKey="Saum K" first="Kai-Uwe" last="Saum">Kai-Uwe Saum</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brenner, Hermann" sort="Brenner, Hermann" uniqKey="Brenner H" first="Hermann" last="Brenner">Hermann Brenner</name><name sortKey="Brenner, Hermann" sort="Brenner, Hermann" uniqKey="Brenner H" first="Hermann" last="Brenner">Hermann Brenner</name><name sortKey="Perna, Laura" sort="Perna, Laura" uniqKey="Perna L" first="Laura" last="Perna">Laura Perna</name><name sortKey="Schottker, Ben" sort="Schottker, Ben" uniqKey="Schottker B" first="Ben" last="Schöttker">Ben Schöttker</name><name sortKey="Schottker, Ben" sort="Schottker, Ben" uniqKey="Schottker B" first="Ben" last="Schöttker">Ben Schöttker</name><name sortKey="Schottker, Ben" sort="Schottker, Ben" uniqKey="Schottker B" first="Ben" last="Schöttker">Ben Schöttker</name></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kj Rgaard, Marie" sort="Kj Rgaard, Marie" uniqKey="Kj Rgaard M" first="Marie" last="Kj Rgaard">Marie Kj Rgaard</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Jorde, Rolf" sort="Jorde, Rolf" uniqKey="Jorde R" first="Rolf" last="Jorde">Rolf Jorde</name><name sortKey="Jorde, Rolf" sort="Jorde, Rolf" uniqKey="Jorde R" first="Rolf" last="Jorde">Rolf Jorde</name><name sortKey="Kj Rgaard, Marie" sort="Kj Rgaard, Marie" uniqKey="Kj Rgaard M" first="Marie" last="Kj Rgaard">Marie Kj Rgaard</name><name sortKey="Schirmer, Henrik" sort="Schirmer, Henrik" uniqKey="Schirmer H" first="Henrik" last="Schirmer">Henrik Schirmer</name><name sortKey="Schirmer, Henrik" sort="Schirmer, Henrik" uniqKey="Schirmer H" first="Henrik" last="Schirmer">Henrik Schirmer</name><name sortKey="Sen, Abhijit" sort="Sen, Abhijit" uniqKey="Sen A" first="Abhijit" last="Sen">Abhijit Sen</name></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Karhunen, Ville" sort="Karhunen, Ville" uniqKey="Karhunen V" first="Ville" last="Karhunen">Ville Karhunen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Auvinen, Juha" sort="Auvinen, Juha" uniqKey="Auvinen J" first="Juha" last="Auvinen">Juha Auvinen</name><name sortKey="Auvinen, Juha" sort="Auvinen, Juha" uniqKey="Auvinen J" first="Juha" last="Auvinen">Juha Auvinen</name><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><name sortKey="Herzig, Karl Heinz" sort="Herzig, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Herzig K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Herzig">Karl-Heinz Herzig</name><name sortKey="Herzig, Karl Heinz" sort="Herzig, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Herzig K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Herzig">Karl-Heinz Herzig</name><name sortKey="Herzig, Karl Heinz" sort="Herzig, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Herzig K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Herzig">Karl-Heinz Herzig</name><name sortKey="Hutri K Honen, Nina" sort="Hutri K Honen, Nina" uniqKey="Hutri K Honen N" first="Nina" last="Hutri-K Hönen">Nina Hutri-K Hönen</name><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><name sortKey="Karhunen, Ville" sort="Karhunen, Ville" uniqKey="Karhunen V" first="Ville" last="Karhunen">Ville Karhunen</name><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><name sortKey="R Ikkonen, Katri" sort="R Ikkonen, Katri" uniqKey="R Ikkonen K" first="Katri" last="R Ikkönen">Katri R Ikkönen</name><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><name sortKey="Rovio, Suvi P" sort="Rovio, Suvi P" uniqKey="Rovio S" first="Suvi P." last="Rovio">Suvi P. Rovio</name><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhan, Yiqiang" sort="Zhan, Yiqiang" uniqKey="Zhan Y" first="Yiqiang" last="Zhan">Yiqiang Zhan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Byberg, Liisa" sort="Byberg, Liisa" uniqKey="Byberg L" first="Liisa" last="Byberg">Liisa Byberg</name><name sortKey="H Gg, Sara" sort="H Gg, Sara" uniqKey="H Gg S" first="Sara" last="H Gg">Sara H Gg</name><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><name sortKey="Kilander, Lena" sort="Kilander, Lena" uniqKey="Kilander L" first="Lena" last="Kilander">Lena Kilander</name><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><name sortKey="Melhus, H Kan" sort="Melhus, H Kan" uniqKey="Melhus H" first="H Kan" last="Melhus">H Kan Melhus</name><name sortKey="Michaelsson, Karl" sort="Michaelsson, Karl" uniqKey="Michaelsson K" first="Karl" last="Michaëlsson">Karl Michaëlsson</name><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro" last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro Marques-Vidal</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guessous, Idris" sort="Guessous, Idris" uniqKey="Guessous I" first="Idris" last="Guessous">Idris Guessous</name><name sortKey="Guessous, Idris" sort="Guessous, Idris" uniqKey="Guessous I" first="Idris" last="Guessous">Idris Guessous</name><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Singh Manoux, Archana" sort="Singh Manoux, Archana" uniqKey="Singh Manoux A" first="Archana" last="Singh-Manoux">Archana Singh-Manoux</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name></region><name sortKey="Guessous, Idris" sort="Guessous, Idris" uniqKey="Guessous I" first="Idris" last="Guessous">Idris Guessous</name></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Petrovic, Katja E" sort="Petrovic, Katja E" uniqKey="Petrovic K" first="Katja E" last="Petrovic">Katja E. Petrovic</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Schmidt, Helena" sort="Schmidt, Helena" uniqKey="Schmidt H" first="Helena" last="Schmidt">Helena Schmidt</name><name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name></country><country name="Pologne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Herzig, Karl Heinz" sort="Herzig, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Herzig K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Herzig">Karl-Heinz Herzig</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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